It's now essential to also develop nasal spray vaccines that can provide better protection against infection. He continues, "Our current vaccines are designed to reduce severe disease and death and are dramatically effective in this aim. This could help us to better control the pandemic and stop new variants emerging." Such vaccines might be able to prevent people from getting infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and reduce transmission of the virus between people. They say that vaccines capable of boosting these antibodies could potentially reduce infections more effectively and prevent transmission.Ĭo-senior author of the study, Professor Peter Openshaw, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, said, "Our results highlight a need for nasal spray vaccines that can boost these local antibodies in the nose and lungs. The researchers call for the next generation of vaccines to include nasal spray or inhaled vaccines that target these antibodies more effectively. The study also found that whilst current vaccines are effective at boosting blood antibody which can prevent serious illness and death, they do not significantly boost nasal IgA antibodies. It studied almost 450 people who had been hospitalized with COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021, before the emergence of omicron variant and prior to vaccine rollout. ![]() The research was led by teams from Imperial College London and the University of Liverpool. The researchers note that studies that directly study these nasal antibodies and reinfections are needed to confirm their results. This might be an important factor behind repeat infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its new variants." While blood antibodies help to protect against disease, nasal antibodies can prevent infection altogether. Our study found durable immune responses after infection and vaccination, but these key nasal antibodies were shorter-lived than those in the blood. Felicity Liew, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, said, "Before our study, it was unclear how long these important nasal antibodies lasted. The study also found that vaccination is very effective in creating and boosting antibodies in the blood, which prevent severe disease, but had very little effect on nasal IgA levels.įirst author of the study, Dr. These new findings-which are published in eBioMedicine-may explain why people who have recovered from COVID are at risk of reinfection, and especially with omicron and its subvariants. However, the investigators found that the nasal antibodies were only present in those recently infected and were particularly short-lived against the omicron variant, compared to earlier variants. These antibodies are very effective at preventing the virus from entering cells and causing infection. ![]() Antibodies in the nasal fluid (known as immunoglobulin A, or IgA) provide first-line defense against COVID-19 by blocking SARS-CoV-2 virus when it first enters the respiratory tract.
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